Internal Wave Tunnelling Through Non-uniformly Stratified Shear Flow

نویسنده

  • G. L. Brown
چکیده

We examine the transmission of internal gravity waves through a non-uniformly stratified fluid with vertically varying background shear. To quantify wave transmission we show that the appropriate measure is the ratio of the flux of transmitted to incident pseudoenergy, T. We derive an analytic prediction of T for the transmission of waves through a piecewise-linear shear flow in two cases. In both, the fluid is unstratified over the depth of the shear and uniformly stratified elsewhere. In one study, the density profile is continuous. Such a basic state is unstable but with vanishingly small growth rate as the bulk Richardson number, Ri, becomes large. In the limit of an infinitely large Richardson number (no shear), we recover the tunnelling prediction of Sutherland and Yewchuk (2004). In weak shear, incident waves can transmit weakly, even if the phase speed matches the flow speed within the shear layer (a critical level). However, no transmission occurs when the phase speed of incident waves exactly matches the flow speed on the opposite flank of the shear. In strong shear, with Ri 1, a transmission peak occurs where the incident wavenumber and frequency are close to, but different from, those associated with unstable modes. In a second study, the background density profile is discontinuous and representative of a well-mixed patch within a once uniformly stratified fluid. In this case, no transmission occurs for incident waves with phase speed matching the speed of the flow within the shear layer. However, a transmission spike occurs if the incident waves are resonant with interfacial waves that flank the shear. RÉSUMÉ [Traduit par la rédaction] Nous examinons la transmission des ondes de gravité internes à travers un fluide stratifié de façon non uniforme dont le cisaillement de fond varie verticalement. Pour quantifier la transmission des ondes, nous montrons que la mesure appropriée est le rapport du flux transmis au flux incident de pseudoénergie, T. Nous dérivons une prévision analytique de T pour la transmission des ondes à travers un écoulement cisaillé linéairement par morceaux dans deux cas. Dans chaque cas, le fluide est non stratifié dans toute l’épaisseur du cisaillement et uniformément stratifié ailleurs. Dans l’une des études, le profil de densité est continu. Un tel état de base est instable mais avec un taux de croissance devenant très faible à mesure que le nombre de Richardson, Ri, devient grand. À la limite d’un nombre de Richardson infiniment grand (pas de cisaillement), nous retrouvons la prévision de formation d’un tunnel de Sutherland et Yewchuk (2004). Quand le cisaillement est faible, les ondes incidentes peuvent être faiblement transmises, même si la vitesse de phase correspond à la vitesse de l’écoulement à l’intérieur de la couche de cisaillement (un niveau critique). Cependant, il n’y a aucune transmission quand la vitesse de phase des ondes incidentes correspond exactement à la vitesse de l’écoulement sur le flanc opposé du cisaillement. Quand le cisaillement est fort, avec Ri 1, il se produit un maximum de transmission là où le nombre d’ondes et la fréquence incidents sont proches, mais différents, de ceux qui caractérisent les modes instables. Dans une deuxième étude, le profil de densité de fond est discontinu et représentatif d’une parcelle bien mélangée dans un fluide qui était auparavant uniformément stratifié. Dans ce cas, il n’y a pas de transmission pour les ondes incidentes dont la vitesse de phase correspond à la vitesse de l’écoulement dans la couche de cisaillement. Cependant, un maximum de transmission se produit si les ondes incidentes entrent en résonance avec les ondes d’interface se propageant sur le flanc du cisaillement. ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN 45 (1) 2007, 47–56 Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]

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تاریخ انتشار 2007